Karika 33: Inner and outer means; present and all time
The words
Translation
The internal means of knowledge (antaḥkaraṇa) are of three types. The external means [of knowledge], which present the objects to be known to the three [internal means], are of ten types. The external means [of knowledge] function in the present, whereas the internal means of knowledge function in all three times (the past, present and future).
The thirteen means
They engage, sustain and illuminate their objects (karika 32); the external bring the objects to the internal (karika 33).
Gold: what karika 33 adds; a gold outline marks what it speaks of. Tap any box to see what the karikas say about it.